力(li)士樂(le)柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)是液壓系(xi)統(tong)的壹個重要(yao)裝置(zhi)。它依(yi)靠(kao)柱(zhu)塞在缸(gang)體中(zhong)往(wang)復運動(dong),使(shi)密封(feng)工(gong)作(zuo)容腔的容積(ji)發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化來實(shi)現吸(xi)油、壓油(you)。力(li)士(shi)樂(le)柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)具有額定(ding)壓力(li)高(gao)、結(jie)構(gou)緊湊(cou)、效(xiao)率高(gao)和(he)流(liu)量(liang)調節(jie)方(fang)便等(deng)優點(dian),被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)高(gao)壓、大(da)流(liu)量(liang)和(he)流(liu)量(liang)需要(yao)調(tiao)節(jie)的場(chang)合(he),諸(zhu)如(ru)液(ye)壓機(ji)、工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械和(he)船(chuan)舶中(zhong)。
力(li)士樂(le)柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)是往復泵(beng)的壹種(zhong),屬於(yu)體積泵(beng),其(qi)柱塞靠(kao)泵(beng)軸的偏心(xin)轉(zhuan)動(dong)驅動(dong),往(wang)復運動(dong),其(qi)吸(xi)入(ru)和(he)排出閥(fa)都是單向閥(fa)。當柱塞外拉時,工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)內(nei)壓力(li)降低,出口閥(fa)關(guan)閉(bi),低於(yu)進口壓力(li)時,進(jin)口閥(fa)打開,液(ye)體進入(ru);柱塞內(nei)推(tui)時,工(gong)作(zuo)室(shi)壓力(li)升(sheng)高(gao),進(jin)口閥(fa)關(guan)閉(bi),高(gao)於(yu)出口壓力(li)時,出(chu)口閥(fa)打開,液(ye)體排出。當傳動(dong)軸帶動(dong)缸(gang)體旋轉時,斜盤(pan)將(jiang)柱塞從(cong)缸(gang)體中(zhong)拉(la)出或(huo)推(tui)回(hui),完(wan)成吸(xi)排油過(guo)程。柱(zhu)塞與缸(gang)孔(kong)組成的工(gong)作(zuo)容腔中(zhong)的油液(ye)通(tong)過(guo)配(pei)油盤(pan)分(fen)別(bie)與泵(beng)的吸(xi)、排油腔(qiang)相通(tong)。變(bian)量(liang)機(ji)構用(yong)來改變(bian)斜盤(pan)的傾角(jiao),通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)節斜盤(pan)的傾角(jiao)可(ke)改變(bian)泵(beng)的排量(liang)。
1、進油(you)過程:
當凸輪(lun)的凸起部分(fen)轉(zhuan)過去(qu)後(hou),在彈(dan)簧(huang)力(li)的作用(yong)下,柱塞向下運動(dong),柱(zhu)塞上部空(kong)間(稱為泵(beng)油(you)室(shi))產(chan)生真(zhen)空(kong)度(du),當柱塞上端面(mian)把柱塞套上的進油(you)孔(kong)打開後(hou),充(chong)滿(man)在油(you)泵(beng)上體油道(dao)內(nei)的柴油(you)經(jing)油(you)孔(kong)進(jin)入(ru)泵(beng)油(you)室(shi),柱(zhu)塞運動(dong)到下止點(dian),進油結(jie)束(shu)
2、回油過(guo)程(cheng):
柱塞向上供油(you),當上行到柱塞上的斜槽(cao)(停(ting)供邊(bian))與(yu)套(tao)筒(tong)上的回油(you)孔(kong)相(xiang)通時,泵(beng)油(you)室(shi)低壓油(you)路(lu)便(bian)與(yu)柱(zhu)塞頭部的中(zhong)孔(kong)和(he)徑(jing)向孔(kong)及斜槽(cao)溝通(tong),油(you)壓驟(zhou)然下降,出油(you)閥(fa)在彈(dan)簧(huang)力(li)的作用(yong)下迅速(su)關(guan)閉(bi),停(ting)止供油(you)。此後(hou)柱(zhu)塞還(hai)要(yao)上行,當凸輪(lun)的凸起部分(fen)轉(zhuan)過去(qu)後(hou),在彈(dan)簧(huang)的作用(yong)下,柱塞又下行。此時便(bian)開始(shi)了(le)下壹個循(xun)環(huan)。